Introduction: Usually osseointegration takes between three to six months after implant placement but patients are interested to have early loading. There are no definitive criteria for measuring bone mineral density (BMD), insertion torque (IT) (final torque force) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) (primary implant stability) to determine exact loading time based on the relationship between the above-mentioned parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IT, RFA and BMD in screw-type implants.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients who were candidates for ITI implant placement. Written consent was taken and jaw bone density was determined via a digital radiography technique before surgery. After implant placement, RFA and IT were measured. Fifty-five ITI implants of the total 62 implants placed were evaluated; the implants were 12 mm long with a diameter of 4.1 mm. Data was analyzed with Pearson’s test using SPSS.15 software (a=0.05).Results: There was a significant relationship between IT, RFA and BMD. Pearson’s test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.872 to 0.789 between the three parameters, indicating a strong relationship between them. The mean bone density was 1.468±0.042 g/cm2; the mean RFA was 66.01±2.2 ISQ and the mean IT was 34.62±3.33 N/cm2.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study there is a significant relationship between, IT, RFA and BMD (p value=0.001).

Background and Aim: Facial growth pattern is one of the important factors in orthodontic treatment planning. The aim of this study was to compare the inclination of the posterior teeth in subjects with a normal and vertical growth pattern.Materials & Methods: Fifty 16 to 20 year old individuals having no history of orthodontic treatment, dental extraction, spacing and crowding in posterior teeth were selected for this case - control study. These individuals were divided into two groups of vertical and normal growth patterns based on SN-MP and jarabak Index. Study casts provided for these patients were trimmed from anterior to the second premolar and from posterior to the first molar.Lateral surfaces of casts were trimmed perpendicular to the occlusal surface tangential to the most prominent cusps of these 4 or at least 3 (two molars and one premolar) teeth. The angle between lateral surface of the cast and the occlusal surface of each tooth was considered as axial inclination. The results were statistically analyzed using Mann Whitney U and t tests.Results: The mean age of the studied group was 18.3±1.6 The mean axial inclination of maxillary first permanent molar with normal growth pattern was 27.5±16.8 (right side) and 26.2±14.7 (left side). The amount of this variable with vertical growth pattern was 23.4±11.9 (right side) and 24.8±14.7 (left side). The mean axial inclination of mandibular first permanent molar with normal growth pattern was 27.24±15.2 (right side) and 27.44±14.8 (left side) and with vertical growth pattern was 23.8±13.9 (right side) and 23.5±14.3 (left side).Conclusion: Buccolingual inclination of the teeth has no effect on orthodontic treatment planning.

One of the obvious reasons for most disorders in network service provisioning is network path congestion. Congestion avoidance in today's networks is too costly and sometimes impossible. With the introduction of SDN, centralizing the equipment's control plane has become possible. This paper presents an enhanced method named ESV-DBRA to avoid congestion in multi-tenant SDN networks. At first, ESV-DBRA monitors the traffic load and delay of all network paths for each tenant individually. Then, by merging the parameters obtained from the monitoring, the Service Level Agreements (SLA), and a novel proposed cost function, it calculates the cost of the network paths per tenant. As a result, traffic for each tenant is routed through the path/paths at the lowest possible cost from the tenant's perspective. Next, the bandwidth quotas will be calculated and assigned to the tenants over their optimal routes. Afterward, whenever congestion is likely to occur in a path, ESV-DBRA automatically changes the route or bandwidth of the tenants' traffic related to this path to avoid congestion. Related algorithms are also proposed.Eventually, simulations show that the proposed method effectively increases bandwidth utilization by 10.76%.

Different types of contact, including contact between node pairs, any-contact of nodes, and contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability distribution functions of contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on distributions. A lot of works apply the distribution of one type of contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the distribution of one type of contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous contact data distribution and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

In this paper, the combined axial flux structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a magnetic gearbox is analyzed with the aim of increasing the torque density. The motor has two rotors with tangential magnetized spoke type PMs and coreless structure. Modulators perform the role of magnetic field modulation for the stator and rotor over the air gaps. The shape of permanent magnets allows higher efficiency and at the same time lower axial length. Soft magnetic poles of the rotor located between the magnets play a decisive role in the magnetic field distribution as well as the torque and magnetic field profile of the machine. In this paper, the shape of the soft magnetic pole is optimized to obtain a higher sine field distribution and higher output torque in addition to a lower cogging torque using the variable airgap.

The angle of long axis of tooth crown is called tip in mesiodostal and torque in faciolingual direction. Both have special importance for producing an ideal occlusion. The aim of the present study was determination of the average tip and torque of each permanent tooth in well treated patients with edgewise system compare to control group with normal occlusion. In this study, 19 well treated cases through standard edgewise technique with non extraction strategy and 20 students of pre-university schools with normal occlusion according to IOTN were selected. Reference points and lines were marked on facial surface of each tooth on casts. Special device was designed for measuring the faciolingual and mesiodistal inclination of crowns. After 3 times measuring the tip and torque of teeth, student t-test and Kruskal – Wallis analysis were used for statistical analysis.The mean age of control group was 18.8 ± 0.5 year and in treated group was 20.3 ± 0.8. There was significant difference between mean of torque in control group and treated group for upper lateral incisor (4.75±5.21, 8.76±5.82 respectively, p<0.03). Also a significant difference was seen in average torque of lower second premolar between control group and treated one (-23.48±5.99, -26.66±4.64 respectively, p<0.05). There were no significant differences in tip of teeth between two groups. In comparison with Andrews study, in normal occlusion group, upper canine & first molar and lower lateral & first premolar had more buccal root torque. Except the torque of upper lateral incisor and lower 2nd premolar, torque and tip of other teeth had no significant difference.

Monitoring and evaluation of transformers are essential to prevent their insulation failure. In this paper, the use of 2-furan-carboxaldehyde (2-FAL) and methanol (MeOH) concentrations as the main products of paper insulation degradation, and insulation condition markers, has been studied. In order to study the degradation process and production of degradation products, the thermal aging process of the transformer insulation system was implemented in laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory studies show that in the early stages of degradation the amount of MeOH is significant compared to 2-FAL. Also, the estimation of the degree of polymerization (DP) in the early stages of degradation (DP>800) through MeOH concentration and with decreasing DP (DP <800) through 2-FAL concentration is closer to the real value. The results of studies performed on 35 distribution transformers confirm the production of significant amounts of MeOH in the early stages of degradation. Also, the estimated DP values for the studied transformers were obtained through 2-FAL and MeOH concentration. The results show that estimating the amount of DP through MeOH concentration is associated with a probability of error of about 9% compared to estimating DP through 2-FAL concentration.